题目：
至 第 56 题
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.
As war spreads to many corners of the globe, children sadly have been drawn into the center of conflicts. In Afghanistan, Bosnia, and Colombia, however, groups of children have been taking part in peace education __47__. The children, after learning to resolve conflicts, took on the __48__ of peacemakers. The Children's Movement for Peace in Colombia was even nominated （提名） for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1998. groups of children __49__ as peacemakers studied human rights and poverty issues in Colombia, eventually forming a group with five other schools in Bogota known as The Schools of Peace.
The classroom __50__ opportunities for children to replace angry, violent behaviors with __51__, peaceful ones. It is in the classroom that caring and respect for each person empowers children to take a step __52__toward becoming peacemakers. Fortunately, educators have access to many online resources that are __53__ useful when helping children along the path to peace. The Young Peacemakers Club, started in 1992, provides a Website with resources for teachers and __54__ on starting a Kindness Campaign. The World Centers of Compassion for Children International call attention to children's rights and how to help the __55__ of war. Starting a Peacemakers' Club is a praiseworthy venture for a class and one that could spread to other classrooms and ideally affect the culture of the __56__ school.
A．acting
I．information
B．assuming
J．offers
C．comprehensive
K．projects
D．cooperative
L．respectively
E．entire
M．role
F．especially M
N．technology
G．forward
O．victims
H．images
题目：
What do the studies find about the recommendation letters for women applicants
A．they are hardly ever supported by concrete examples.
B．they contain nothing that distinguishes the applicants
C．they provide objective information without exaggerat
D．they are often filled with praise for exceptional applicants
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what do studies about men and women in scientific research show
A．women engaged in postdoctoral work are quickly catching up
B．fewer women are applying for postdoctoral positions due to gender bias
C．men are believed to be better able to excel in stem disciplines.
D．women who are keenly interested in stem fields are often exceptional
题目：
what does alex zhavoronkov think ofdescribing aging as a discase
A．it will prompt people to take aging more seriously.
B．it will greatly help reduce the side effects of aging
C．it will free pharmacists from the conventional beliefs about aging
D．it will motivate doctors and pharmacists to find ways to treat aging
题目：
how do many scientists view aging now
A．it might be prevented and treated
B．results from a vitamin deficiency
C．it can be as risky as heart disease
D．it is an irreversible biological proces
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there are often accusations about politicians´ and the media´s lack of curiosity to find out the truth
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political leaders´ lack of curiosity will result in bad consequences.
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according to leslie, curiosity is essential to one´s success.
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Men and woman differ in their approach to resolving workplace conflicts in that______.
A．women tend to be easily satisfied
B．men are generally more persuasive
C．men tend to put their personal interests first
D．women are much more ready to compromise
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Why do working women of child-bearing age tend to feel drained of energy
A．They struggle to satisfy the demands of both work and home.
B．They are too devoted to work and unable to relax as a result.
C．They do their best to cooperate with their workmates.
D．They are obliged to take up too many responsibilities.
题目：
The author dropped out of college some forty years ago.
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Different students may prefer different types of exams.
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Students who put off their work until the last moment often find the exams more difficult than they actually are.
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The author was happy to learn she could do some exams at home.
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In-class exams are believed to discourage cheating in exams.
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Some believe take-home exams may affect students´ performance in other courses.
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回答题
Do In-Class Exams Make Students Study Harder
Research suggests they may study more broadly for the unexpected rather than search for answers.
[A] I have always been a poor test-taker. So it may seem rather strange that I have returned to college to finish the degree I left undone some four decades ago. I am making my way through Columbia University, surrounded by students who quickly supply the verbal answer while I am still processing the question.
[B] Since there is no way for me to avoid exams, I am currently questioning what kind are the most taxing and ultimately beneficial. I have already sweated through numerous in-class midterms and finals, and now I have a professor who issues take-home ones. I was excited when I learned this, figuring I had a full week to do the research, read the texts, and write it all up. In fact, I was still rewriting my midterm the morning it was due. To say I had lost the thread is putting it mildly.
[C] As I was suffering through my week of anxiety, overthinking the material and guessing my grasp of it, I did some of my own polling among students and professors. David Eisenbach, who teaches a popular class on U.S. presidents at Columbia, prefers the in-class variety. He believes students ultimately learn more and encourages them to form study groups. “That way they socialize over history outside the class, which wouldn’t happen without the pressure of an in-class exam,” he explained, “Furthermore, in-class exams force students to learn how to perform under pressure, and essential work skill.”
[D] He also says there is less chance of cheating with the in-class variety. In 2012, 125 students at Harvard were caught up in a scandal when it was discovered they had cheated on a take-home exam for a class entitled “Introduction To Congress.” Some colleges have what they call an “honor code,” though if you are smart enough to get into these schools, you are either smart enough to get around any codes or hopefully, too ethical to consider doing so. As I sat blocked and clueless for two solid days, I momentarily wondered if I couldn’t just call an expert on the subject matter which I was tackling, or someone who took the class previously, to get me going.
[E] Following the Harvard scandal, Mary Miller, the former dean of students at Yale, made an impassioned appeal to her school’s professors to refrain from take-hone exams. “Students risk health and well being, as well as performance in other end-of-term work, when faculty offers take-home exams without clear, time-limited boundaries,” she told me. “Research now shows that regular quizzes, short essays, and other assignments over the course of a term better enhance learning and retention.”
[F] Most college professors agree the kind of exam they choose largely depends on the subject. A quantitative-based one, for example, is unlikely to be sent home, where one could ask their older brothers and sisters to help. Vocational-type classes, such as computer science or journalism, on the other hand, are often more research-oriented and lend themselves to take-home testing. Chris Koch, who teaches “History of Broadcast Journalism” at Montgomery Community College in Rockville, Maryland, points out that reporting is about investigation rather than the memorization of minute details. “In my field, it’s not what you know—it’s what you know how to find out,” says Koch. “There is way too much information, and more coming all the time, for anyone to remember. I want my students to search out the answers to questions by using all the resources available to them.
[G] Students’ test-form preferences vary, too, often depending on the subject and course difficulty. “I prefer take-home essays because it is then really about the writing, so you have time to edit and do more research,” says Elizabeth Dresser, a junior at Barnard. Then there is the stress factor. Francesca Haass, a senior at Middlebury, says, “I find the in-class ones are more stressful in the short term, but there is immediate relief as you swallow information like mad, and then you get to forget it all. Take-homes require thoughtful engagement which can lead to longer term stress as there is never a moment when the time is up.” Meanwhile, Olivia Rubin, a sophomore at Emory, says she hardly even considers take-homes true exams. “If you understand the material and have the ability to articulate (说出) your thoughts, they should be a breeze.”
[H] How students ultimately handle stress may depend on their personal test-taking abilities. There are people who always wait until the last minute, and make it much harder than it needs to be. And then there those who, not knowing what questions are coming at them, and having no resources to refer to, can freeze. And then there are we rare folks who fit both those descriptions.
[I] Yes, my advanced age must factor into the equation (等式), in part because of my inability toaccess the information as quickly. As another returning student at Columbia, Kate Marber, toldme, “We are learning not only all this information, but essentially how to learn again. Ourfellow students have just come out of high school. A lot has changed since we were last inschool.”
[J] If nothing else, the situation has given my college son and me something to share, When Iasked his opinion on this matter, he responded, “I like in-class exams because the time isalready reserved, as opposed to using my free time at home to work on a test,” he responded.It seems to me that a compromise would be receiving the exam questions a day or two inadvance, and then doing the actual test in class the ticking clock overhead.
[K] Better yet, how about what one Hunter College professor reportedly did recently for her finalexam: She encouraged the class not to stress or even study, promising that, “It is going to be apiece of cake.” When the students came in, sharpened pencils in hand, there was not a bluebook in sight. Rather, they saw a large chocolate cake and they each were given a slice.
Elderly students find it hard to keep up with the rapid changes in education.
题目：
Many Americans fear that American competitiveness may be threatened by foreign students who will take their knowledge and skills back home.
题目：
Present-day universities have become a powerful force for global integration.
题目：
Roll-Call System on Campus
1．“点名制度”在大学中一直被老师们使用
2．学生们对此褒贬不一
3．在我看来 ……
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